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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2025

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Thyroid Autoimmunity and SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Poupak Fallahi1, Giusy Elia2, Francesca Ragusa2

  • 1Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|October 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may trigger autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) like Hashimoto

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2 infectionautoimmune thyroid diseasessubacute thyroiditisthyrotoxicosis

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • SARS-CoV-2 enters cells via ACE2 receptors, present in endocrine organs like the thyroid.
  • Thyroid dysfunction, including subacute thyroiditis and thyrotoxicosis, is linked to COVID-19.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of SARS-CoV-2 infection to induce autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD).
  • To review hypothesized mechanisms linking SARS-CoV-2 to AITD development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on SARS-CoV-2 and thyroid disorders.
  • Analysis of proposed pathogenetic mechanisms for virus-induced autoimmunity.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with various thyroid disorders.
  • Hypothesized mechanisms include immune hyperstimulation, molecular mimicry, NETs, and altered gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2 may induce autoimmunity, including AITD, through several proposed mechanisms.
  • Further large-scale, long-term cohort studies are necessary to confirm the pathogenetic relationship.