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Related Concept Videos

Cancer02:18

Cancer

Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies
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Genomic Biomarker Discovery in Disease Progression and Therapy Response in Bladder Cancer Utilizing Machine Learning.

Konstantinos Christos Liosis1,2, Ahmed Al Marouf1, Jon G Rokne1

  • 1Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.

Cancers
|October 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study identifies two gene signatures from bladder cancer genomic data to predict therapy response and disease progression. These genomic biomarkers offer accurate insights into patient outcomes and clinical indicators.

Keywords:
bioinformatics analysisbladder cancerdisease progressionelastic-netgenomic biomarker discoverytherapy response

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Oncology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Cancer is a leading cause of death globally.
  • Identifying genomic drivers of cancer is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • Bladder cancer requires novel biomarkers for improved patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discover genomic biomarkers for bladder cancer.
  • To identify gene signatures that predict therapy response and disease progression.
  • To correlate genomic findings with clinical indicators.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of RNA sequencing data for gene expression levels.
  • Application of statistical modeling, including logistic regression and elastic-net regularization.
  • Utilized clustering, survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier curves), and heatmaps.
  • Exploration of genomic data alongside clinical indicators.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of two distinct gene signatures in bladder cancer.
  • These signatures accurately predict therapy response.
  • The gene signatures also predict disease progression in a time-to-event manner.
  • Results show correlation with clinical indicators like Therapy Response and T-Stage.

Conclusions:

  • Identified gene signatures serve as promising biomarkers for bladder cancer.
  • These biomarkers can aid in predicting patient outcomes and guiding treatment decisions.
  • Genomic analysis provides valuable insights for personalized bladder cancer therapy.