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Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

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Particle Swarm Optimisation Applied to the Direct Aperture Optimisation Problem in Radiation Therapy.

Gonzalo Tello-Valenzuela¹, Mauricio Moyano¹, Guillermo Cabrera-Guerrero¹

¹Escuela de Ingeniería Informática, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2241, Valparaíso 2362807, Chile.

|October 14, 2023

Summary

This study introduces a new method for optimizing radiation therapy plans, merging intensity and aperture optimization. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach reduces treatment time and improves efficiency in cancer treatment delivery.

Keywords:

direct aperture optimisation intensity-modulated radiation therapy particle swarm optimisation

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Area of Science:

Radiation Oncology
Computational Optimization
Medical Physics

Background:

Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) is a standard cancer treatment.
IMRT planning is complex, often divided into sequential Beam Angle Optimization (BAO), Fluence Map Optimization (FMO), and Sequencing problems.
Sequential approaches can lead to treatment plans with excessive apertures and long delivery times.

Purpose of the Study:

To address limitations of sequential IMRT planning by proposing a Direct Aperture Optimization (DAO) approach.
To integrate FMO and Sequencing problems into a single DAO problem, considering physical delivery constraints.
To solve the DAO problem using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for aperture shape optimization and mathematical programming for intensity optimization.

Main Methods:

Developed a hybrid approach combining mathematical programming for intensity optimization and PSO for aperture shape optimization.
Integrated a reparation heuristic to refine aperture shapes with minimal impact on treatment efficacy.
Applied the proposed algorithm to prostate cancer cases for comparative analysis.

Main Results:

The PSO-based DAO approach achieved competitive results compared to the traditional sequential method.
The proposed method resulted in reduced beam-on time, indicating shorter treatment delivery durations.
Demonstrated efficient utilization of Multi-Leaf Collimator (MLC) apertures.

Conclusions:

The Direct Aperture Optimization (DAO) strategy, particularly with the proposed PSO integration, offers an effective alternative to sequential IMRT planning.
This approach can generate clinically acceptable treatment plans more efficiently, reducing patient treatment time.
The findings suggest potential for improved IMRT delivery efficiency and patient outcomes.