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Assessing Negative Welfare Measures for Wild Invertebrates: The Case for Octopuses.

Michaella P Andrade1, Charles Morphy D Santos1, Mizziara M M De Paiva2

  • 1Graduate Program in Evolution and Diversity, Federal University of ABC, Av. dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Bangu, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil.

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Assessing wild octopus welfare is crucial for understanding health and resilience. This study adapted lab metrics to wild Octopus insularis, identifying new welfare indicators like eye flashes and body patterns.

Keywords:
Cephalopodabody patternsfield studysentience

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Animal Welfare Science
  • Invertebrate Zoology

Background:

  • Laboratory welfare metrics exist for octopuses, but not for wild populations.
  • Assessing wild octopus welfare provides insights into individual health and species resilience to environmental stressors.
  • Wild octopuses face numerous potentially harmful situations, necessitating welfare assessment tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adapt established laboratory octopus welfare metrics for use with wild populations.
  • To identify and validate new indicators of decreased welfare in wild octopuses.
  • To assess the welfare status of wild *Octopus insularis* across various ecological contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized underwater photos and videos to document injuries and stress behaviors in wild *Octopus insularis*.
  • Adapted existing laboratory-based octopus welfare metrics for application to wild individuals.
  • Observed octopuses in diverse contexts including interactions, foraging, and senescence.

Main Results:

  • Over half of analyzed octopuses exhibited arm loss, and nearly half had skin injuries.
  • Identified two novel indicators of decreased welfare: half white eye flash and half-and-half blotch body pattern.
  • Observed irregular chromatophore expression and abnormal motor coordination linked to interactions with fishermen.

Conclusions:

  • This study represents the first application of laboratory-derived welfare measures to wild octopuses.
  • The findings provide a foundation for assessing the welfare of wild *Octopus insularis* and potentially other invertebrates.
  • New welfare indicators identified can enhance the understanding of stress and health in wild octopus populations.