The Influence of TiO₂ Nanoparticles Morphologies on the Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Anode materials based on the TiO₂ nanoparticles of different morphologies were prepared using the hydrothermal method and characterized by various techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and N₂ absorption. The TiO₂ nanoparticles prepared were used as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), and their electrochemical properties were tested using discharging/charging measurements. The results showed that the initial morphology of the nanoparticles plays a minor role in battery performance after the first few cycles and that better capacity was achieved for TiO₂ nanobelt morphology. The sharp drop in the specific capacity of LIB during their first cycles is examined by considering changes in the morphology of TiO₂ particles and their porosity properties in terms of size and connectivity. The performance of TiO₂ anode materials has also been assessed by considering their phase.