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$X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples$ 01:10

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Gold Nanostar Synthesis with a Silver Seed Mediated Growth Method

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Published on: January 15, 2012

Shape-Driven Response of Gold Nanoparticles to X-rays.

Simona Tarantino¹, Caterina Capomolla², Alessandra Carlà²

¹Department of Mathematics and Physics "E. De Giorgi", University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)

|October 14, 2023

Summary

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) show no morphological changes after X-ray exposure, confirming their safety for radiotherapy. This research supports the use of AuNPs to enhance cancer treatment efficacy.

Keywords:

X-rays gold nanoparticles medical physics nanoparticle synthesis physicochemical properties radiotherapy

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Radiotherapy
Biophysics

Background:

Radiotherapy (RT) uses X-rays to damage tumor DNA, necessitating protection of healthy cells.
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can enhance RT efficacy due to their high photoelectric absorption and unique properties.
Understanding AuNP behavior under X-ray irradiation is crucial for clinical application, yet studies on NP morphological changes are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize spherical and star-shaped AuNPs.
To investigate the physical and morphological stability of AuNPs after X-ray exposure at doses relevant to RT.
To assess the impact of AuNPs on cellular actin rearrangements for potential immune response evaluation.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of spherical AuNPs (Turkevich-Frens) and star-shaped AuNPs (seed-mediated).
Characterization using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), zeta potential, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
Exposure of AuNPs to 1.8 Gy and 2 Gy X-radiation, followed by re-characterization and assessment of THP-1 monocyte actin rearrangements.

Main Results:

Synthesized spherical and star-shaped AuNPs were successfully characterized.
No significant physicochemical or morphological alterations were observed in AuNPs after X-ray irradiation.
AuNP treatment did not induce significant actin rearrangements in THP-1 monocytes, suggesting a low risk of immune activation.

Conclusions:

AuNPs are physically and morphologically stable when exposed to X-ray doses used in radiotherapy.
The findings support the safe integration of AuNPs into RT protocols for enhanced cancer treatment.
Further evaluation of NP-induced immune responses is necessary for successful clinical translation.