Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 13, 2025
11:07
Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
Published on: November 24, 2021
2.8K
Phloretin Transfersomes for Transdermal Delivery: Design, Optimization, and In Vivo Evaluation
Jiawen Wang1, Yuanyuan Zhao2, Bingtao Zhai1
1State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, China.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 14, 2023
Summary
This study developed a phloretin transfersome gel (PTG) for improved transdermal delivery. The PTG formulation enhances phloretin
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Materials Science
- Dermatology
Background:
- Phloretin (Phl), a flavonoid with antioxidant and anticancer properties, suffers from poor water solubility and low bioavailability.
- Limited clinical applications of Phl necessitate strategies to enhance its solubility and efficacy for skin health.
- Developing effective transdermal delivery systems is crucial for combating skin aging and oxidative damage.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate a phloretin transfersome gel (PTG) for enhanced transdermal drug delivery.
- To improve the bioavailability and anti-aging potential of phloretin.
- To create a stable and effective topical antioxidant product.
Main Methods:
- Phloretin transfersomes (Phl-TFs) were prepared using thin-film dispersion-ultrasonication.
- Characterization involved TEM, DSC, FTIR, and XRD; solubility was assessed via Log P.
- In vitro skin penetration (Franz cell), in vivo pharmacokinetics in rats, and antioxidant activity in a D-gal rat model were evaluated.
Main Results:
- Optimized Phl-TFs were successfully prepared with specific ratios and parameters.
- Phl-TFs exhibited significantly higher Log P (2.26) compared to phloretin.
- The PTG formulation demonstrated enhanced cumulative skin penetration (842.73 μg/cm²), increased Cmax (1.39-fold) and AUC (1.97-fold) versus controls, and superior antioxidant effects in aging rats.
Conclusions:
- Successfully developed stable and safe phloretin transfersomes (Phl-TFs) and phloretin transfersome gel (PTG) preparations.
- In vivo studies confirmed the transdermal penetration and antioxidant efficacy of the PTG formulation.
- The developed PTG provides a promising foundation for future anti-aging and antioxidant topical product development.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:16Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro
238
In vitro experiments are crucial for understanding the transport and absorption of drugs through biological materials. These studies employ varied methods such as the diffusion cell method, the everted sac technique, and the everted ring technique.
The diffusion cell method uses a two-compartment cell, including a donor compartment with the drug solution, which simulates the environment where the drug is applied, and a receptor compartment with a buffer solution, which simulates the environment...
The diffusion cell method uses a two-compartment cell, including a donor compartment with the drug solution, which simulates the environment where the drug is applied, and a receptor compartment with a buffer solution, which simulates the environment...
238
01:16Drug Delivery: Overview
302
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
302
01:29Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route
580
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
580
01:09Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ
246
In situ experiments, such as the Doluisio method and Single-Pass Perfusion technique, provide critical insights into drug uptake by simulating in vivo conditions for drug absorption.
The Doluisio method involves perfusing a prepared segment of a rat's small intestine with a solution of radiolabeled drug and a non-absorbable marker. This helps to differentiate between absorbed and non-absorbed drug concentrations. The intestinal segment is connected at both ends using tubing and syringes,...
The Doluisio method involves perfusing a prepared segment of a rat's small intestine with a solution of radiolabeled drug and a non-absorbable marker. This helps to differentiate between absorbed and non-absorbed drug concentrations. The intestinal segment is connected at both ends using tubing and syringes,...
246
01:22Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes
361
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection, and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
361
01:07Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Incorporating Hepatic Transporter-Mediated Clearance
56
Drug transporters are critical in drug absorption, distribution, and excretion processes. They should be included in physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, which help predict human drug disposition. However, predicting this is challenging during drug development, especially when liver transport is involved. However, with a realistic representation of body transport processes, an accurate model may be possible.
A recent model describes pravastatin's hepatobiliary excretion,...
A recent model describes pravastatin's hepatobiliary excretion,...
56