Single-Layer GaInSe₃: Promising Water-Splitting Photocatalyst with Solar Conversion Efficiency over 30% from...

Hydrogen energy from solar water-splitting is known as an ideal method with which to address the energy crisis and global environmental pollution. Herein, the first-principles calculations are carried out to study the photocatalytic water-splitting performance of single-layer GaInSe₃ under biaxial strains from -2% to +2%. Calculations reveal that single-layer GaInSe₃ under various biaxial strains has electronic bandgaps ranging from 1.11 to 1.28 eV under biaxial strain from -2% to +2%, as well as a completely separated valence band maximum and conduction band minimum. Meanwhile, the appropriate band edges for water-splitting and visible optical absorption up to ~3 × 10⁵ cm^-1 are obtained under biaxial strains from -2% to 0%. More impressively, the solar conversion efficiency of single-layer GaInSe₃ under biaxial strains from -2% to 0% reaches over 30%. The OER of unstrained single-layer GaInSe₃ can proceed without co-catalysts. These demonstrate that single-layer GaInSe₃ is a viable material for solar water-splitting.