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A novel method for coastal zone bathymetry based on multisensor data fusion and unmanned systems.

Scientific reports·2025
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Land and Seabed Surface Modelling in the Coastal Zone Using UAV/USV-Based Data Integration.

Oktawia Specht1

  • 1Department of Transport and Logistics, Gdynia Maritime University, Morska 81-87, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Accurate coastal zone modeling is achieved by integrating data from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs). Kriging interpolation proved most effective for creating precise land and seabed surface models in this dynamic environment.

Keywords:
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV)coastal zonegeospatial dataland surfaceseabed surfaceterrain modelling

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Area of Science:

  • Geosciences
  • Geomatics
  • Coastal Engineering

Background:

  • The coastal zone, characterized by land-sea interaction, requires accurate modeling to understand dynamic changes.
  • Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) offer advanced capabilities for precise terrain determination in coastal areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present land and seabed surface modeling in the coastal zone using integrated data from UAVs and USVs.
  • To compare the accuracy of different interpolation methods for developing accurate topo-bathymetric models.

Main Methods:

  • Geospatial data integration from UAV and USV-based bathymetric and photogrammetric measurements.
  • Application of Inverse Distance to a Power (IDP), kriging, Modified Shepard's Method (MSM), and Natural Neighbour Interpolation (NNI) for terrain modeling.
  • Accuracy analysis of developed models, differentiating between land and seabed components.

Main Results:

  • Development of integrated topo-bathymetric models for the coastal zone.
  • Kriging (linear model) demonstrated the highest accuracy for both land and seabed surface modeling.
  • Minimal differences (0.032 m land, 0.034 m seabed) between interpolated and measured values using kriging.

Conclusions:

  • The kriging (linear model) method is the most accurate for coastal zone land and seabed surface modeling.
  • Integrated UAV/USV data and kriging provide a highly accurate approach for coastal terrain analysis.
  • The study validates the effectiveness of advanced remote sensing and interpolation techniques in coastal geomatics.