Whole-genome sequencing in medicinal plants: current progress and prospect

Area of Science:

• Genomics
• Plant Science
• Medicinal Botany

Background:

• Genomic advancements accelerate medicinal plant research, with the "Project of 1K Medicinal Plant Genome" aiming to decode their genetic makeup.
• Obtaining high-quality whole genomes is challenging due to polyploidy and high heterozygosity in medicinal plants.
• Over 1,000 institutions across 50 countries are involved in medicinal plant genome research, with 123 genomes published by September 2022.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and analyze published medicinal plant genome sequences.
• To identify trends in classification, research teams, ploidy, medicinal functions, and sequencing strategies.
• To propose a clear strategy for obtaining high-quality medicinal plant genomes and advocate for a model plant research platform.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of 123 published medicinal plant whole genome sequences.
• Analysis of data including species classification, research institutions, ploidy levels, medicinal functions, and sequencing approaches.
• Literature synthesis to identify challenges and propose a strategic framework for future research.

Main Results:

• Diploid species constitute the majority of sequenced medicinal plants, with the Poaceae family being the most studied.
• Approximately 40% of studies focused on species with tonifying, replenishing, and heat-cleaning medicinal properties.
• Medicinal plants, unlike crops, often lack pure lines and have unclear genetic backgrounds, complicating genome assembly.

Conclusions:

• A standardized strategy is needed for high-quality medicinal plant genome sequencing.
• Further research into whole genome-based breeding and biosynthesis is crucial.
• Establishing a model medicinal plant research platform would significantly advance the field of herbgenomics.