Americans with disabilities act cases initiated by individuals with cochlear implants in the United States

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a federal law that forbids discrimination against individuals with certain disabilities, including hearing impairment. This study aimed to determine the nature of ADA discrimination complaints in individuals with cochlear implants.

A search for court decisions containing the terms "cochlear implant" and ("Americans with Disabilities Act" or "ADA") from 1985 to 2021 was performed with the Westlaw Campus Research legal database. Cases were included and analyzed if at least one of the plaintiffs had a cochlear implant and was claiming discrimination related to their hearing impairment based on the ADA.

24 cases initiated between 2003 and 2021 in 19 US states were identified based on inclusion criteria. The highest number of cases occurred in California (N = 4, 16.7 %). The alleged discrimination most frequently took place at a K-12 school (N = 9, 37.5 %), workplace (N = 7, 29.2 %), or during an encounter with police/correctional officers (N = 4, 16.7 %). Fourteen (58.3 %) cases involved complaints under Title II (Public Services) of the ADA. Seven (29.2 %) involved Title I (Employment) and 4 (16.7 %) involved Title III (Public Accommodations). Summary judgment was given in favor of the defendant or the case was dismissed entirely in 16 (66.7 %) of the cases.

Patients with cochlear implants are still at risk of discrimination because of their disability. Cochlear implantees, school employees, workplace supervisors, and law enforcement personnel can benefit from ADA education.