Occurrence state of fluoride in barite ore and the complexation leaching process

Barite ore is typically associated with difficult-to-remove vein minerals, but commercial barite products require a high BaSO₄ content. We investigated the occurrence state of fluoride in barite ore using various analytical techniques, which indicated that elemental fluorine in barite predominantly exists as fluorite. Fluoride was then leached from barite ore via complexation. The effects of HCl and AlCl₃ concentrations, temperature, time, and liquid-solid ratio on the leaching rate were examined, and the leaching conditions were optimized using an orthogonal array method. The fluorine leaching rate approached 93.11% after stirring for 30 min at 90 °C and 300 rpm with 3 mol/L HCl, 0.4 mol/L AlCl₃, a liquid-solid ratio of 10:1 mL/g, and an ore sample size of -75 μm + 48 μm. According to the leaching kinetics, the process conformed to the solid membrane diffusion control model at a high temperature and the joint chemical reaction-diffusion control model at a low temperature. The apparent activation energy was 56.88 kJ/mol. Furthermore, aluminum and fluorine coordination numbers increased with increasing Al³⁺/F^- molar concentration ratios. Competing complexation reactions of Al³⁺, H⁺, and F^- occurred at three levels. This complexation approach effectively leaches fluoride from barite, improves barite product quality, and reduces environmental pollution.