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Updated: Jul 13, 2025
Simple Polyacrylamide-based Multiwell Stiffness Assay for the Study of Stiffness-dependent Cell Responses
Published on: March 25, 2015
Multi-characteristic tannic acid-reinforced polyacrylamide/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ionic hydrogel strain
Wen Li1, Si-Mou Li1, Mei-Cun Kang1
1State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
Abstract:
Big data and cloud computing are propelling research in human-computer interface within academia. However, the potential of wearable human-machine interaction (HMI) devices utilizing multiperformance ionic hydrogels remains largely unexplored. Here, we present a motion recognition-based HMI system that enhances movement training. We engineered dual-network PAM/CMC/TA (PCT) hydrogels by reinforcing polyacrylamide (PAM) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) polymers with tannic acid (TA). These hydrogels possess exceptional transparency, adhesion, and remodelling features. By combining an elastic PAM backbone with tunable amounts of CMC and TA, the PCT hydrogels achieve optimal electromechanical performance. As strain sensors, they demonstrate higher sensitivity (GF = 4.03), low detection limit (0.5 %), and good linearity (0.997). Furthermore, we developed a highly accurate (97.85 %) motion recognition system using machine learning and hydrogel-based wearable sensors. This system enables contactless real-time training monitoring and wireless control of trolley operations. Our research underscores the effectiveness of PCT hydrogels for real-time HMI, thus advancing next-generation HMI systems.
