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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

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Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal01:27

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Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
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Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
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Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management01:22

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Vigilant monitoring for aneurysm rupture is essential for patients undergoing aortic surgery.Preoperative Nursing ManagementContinuously monitor the patient for manifestations of aneurysm rupture, such as pallor, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal, back, groin, or periumbilical pain, changes in consciousness, and a pulsating abdominal mass. Regularly assess the patient's peripheral pulses.Instruct the patient to consume a clear liquid diet the day before surgery and administer...
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Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
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A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
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Anorectal Emergencies.

Melissa K Drezdzon1, Carrie Y Peterson2

  • 1Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin.

The Surgical Clinics of North America
|October 14, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anorectal emergencies, though rare, require prompt surgical evaluation. This review covers diagnosis and management of conditions like hemorrhoids, fissures, abscesses, and prolapse.

Keywords:
AbscessAnorectalComplicationsFissureHemorrhoidRectal foreign bodiesRectal prolapse

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Area of Science:

  • Colorectal Surgery
  • Gastroenterology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Anorectal emergencies are uncommon presentations of frequent anorectal disorders.
  • Surgeons play a crucial role in diagnosing and managing these conditions.
  • While many cases are managed non-surgically, identifying surgical emergencies is vital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the anatomy, examination, and diagnostic/management strategies for common anorectal emergencies.
  • To highlight key surgical emergencies, such as gangrenous rectal prolapse.
  • To provide guidance on managing both common and unique anorectal emergencies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pertinent anorectal anatomy.
  • Discussion of examination techniques.
  • Outline of workup, diagnosis, and management protocols for various anorectal emergencies.

Main Results:

  • Common anorectal emergencies include thrombosed/incarcerated hemorrhoids, anal fissures, anorectal abscesses, rectal prolapse, and pilonidal abscesses.
  • Surgical emergencies like gangrenous rectal prolapse require immediate recognition.
  • Unique situations such as rectal foreign bodies and anorectal STIs are also addressed.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of anorectal emergencies hinges on accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.
  • Surgeons must be adept at differentiating between conditions requiring conservative versus surgical treatment.
  • This review serves as a comprehensive guide for clinicians managing anorectal emergencies.