EOGT enables residual Notch signaling in mouse intestinal cells lacking POFUT1

Notch signaling determines cell fates in mouse intestine. Notch receptors contain multiple epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) repeats modified by O-glycans that regulate Notch signaling. Conditional deletion of protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (Pofut1) substantially reduces Notch signaling and markedly perturbs lineage development in mouse intestine. However, mice with inactivated Pofut1 are viable, whereas complete elimination of Notch signaling in intestine is lethal. Here we investigate whether residual Notch signaling enabled by EGF-domain-specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (Eogt) permits mice conditionally lacking Pofut1 in intestine to survive. Mice globally lacking Eogt alone were grossly unaffected in intestinal development. In contrast, mice lacking both Eogt and Pofut1 died at ~ 28 days after birth with greater loss of body weight, a greater increase in the number of goblet and Paneth cells, and greater downregulation of the Notch target gene Hes1, compared to Pofut1 deletion alone. These data reveal that both O-fucose and O-GlcNAc glycans are fundamental to Notch signaling in the intestine and provide new insights into roles for O-glycans in regulating Notch ligand binding. Finally, EOGT and O-GlcNAc glycans provide residual Notch signaling and support viability in mice lacking Pofut1 in the intestine.