[Function-preserving operation in rectal cancer]

Function preservation in rectal cancer surgery consists of preservation of the anal function, the urinary function and the male sexual function. Low anterior resection (manual or instrumental), invagination technique and pull-through are selected as the sphincter saving operation for cancer of the upper and middle rectum. It is reported that more than 60% of rectal cancers are treated by these operations and that a favorable function are obtained. Autonomic nerves such as hypogastric, pelvic and pudendal nerves are anatomically preserved in Dukes A cancer to prevent the urinary and male sexual dysfunction. The post-operative disturbances of urination and male sexual potency decreased to 10% or less by the autonomic nerves preservation.