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Vascular resistance is a critical concept in understanding blood flow dynamics in the circulatory system. It refers to the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the blood vessels. This resistance is a key factor in determining blood pressure and cardiac workload.
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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...
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Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
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In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions
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Circular RNAs in vascular diseases.

Qiaoyuan Liu1, Yaofeng Wang1, Tinghong Zhang1

  • 1Department of Basic Science Research, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
|October 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) show promise as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for vascular diseases due to their stability and unique functions. This review explores circRNA roles in atherosclerosis and aneurysms, highlighting potential new directions for treatment.

Keywords:
aneurysmsatherosclerosiscircRNAsendothelial cellssmooth muscle cellsvascular diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Vascular diseases are a major global health burden requiring novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a distinct class of RNA molecules with unique structural and functional properties.
  • CircRNAs offer potential as stable, tissue-specific biomarkers detectable in bodily fluids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biogenesis, degradation, and functions of circRNAs.
  • To summarize the discovery and roles of circRNAs in major vascular diseases like atherosclerosis and aneurysms.
  • To highlight the molecular mechanisms of circRNAs in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells for therapeutic insights.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of circRNA research in vascular diseases.
  • Analysis of circRNA biogenesis and degradation pathways.
  • Focus on molecular mechanisms involving circRNAs in vascular cells.

Main Results:

  • CircRNAs possess stability and specificity, making them promising diagnostic biomarkers.
  • Their encoding and stable expression suggest potential for gene therapy applications.
  • Specific circRNAs have been identified in vascular diseases, implicating them in disease pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • CircRNAs represent a novel class of molecules with significant potential in vascular disease diagnosis and therapy.
  • Understanding circRNA mechanisms in vascular cells can unveil new therapeutic targets.
  • Further research into circRNAs could revolutionize the management of vascular diseases.