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Evaluating alternative models of youth externalizing using quantitative genetic analyses.

Irwin D Waldman1, Holly E Poore2

  • 1Emory University, Department of Psychology.

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More detailed models better explain youth externalizing behaviors. Quantitative genetic analyses of twin data suggest granular models of externalizing symptoms provide a more balanced view of genetic and environmental influences than broader models.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Behavioral Genetics
  • Psychopathology Research

Background:

  • Hierarchical models are increasingly used to characterize psychopathology dimensionally.
  • The externalizing dimension of psychopathology is well-studied in adults but less so in youth.
  • Delineating the youth externalizing spectrum requires refined structural and genetic analyses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare alternative quantitative genetic models of youth externalizing behaviors.
  • To assess genetic and environmental influences on externalizing dimensions and specific symptoms.
  • To determine the optimal granularity for models of youth externalizing psychopathology.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative genetic analyses of twin data from 883 youth twin pairs (age 8.5).
  • Analysis of parent-report data on 38 externalizing symptoms.
  • Comparison of model fit and estimates of genetic/environmental influences across different model granularities.

Main Results:

  • Models incorporating latent dimensions of externalizing and finer-grained symptom dimensions showed better fit.
  • These granular models demonstrated a more balanced distribution of genetic and environmental influences.
  • Heritability estimates were comparable between broad composite models and latent variable models.

Conclusions:

  • More granular models of youth externalizing behaviors offer a more nuanced understanding of underlying genetic and environmental factors.
  • These elaborated models can advance research into the causes and outcomes of specific externalizing symptom components.
  • Further replication is needed to confirm the utility of these fine-grained models.