Modelling in vitro gametogenesis using induced pluripotent stem cells: a review

Area of Science:

• Reproductive biology
• Stem cell research
• Developmental biology

Background:

• In vitro gametogenesis (IVG) research aims to replicate germ cell development for medical applications, particularly infertility treatment.
• Early IVG methods relied on embryonic stem cells (ESCs), but faced limitations due to cell source scarcity and ethical concerns.
• Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as a promising alternative, overcoming limitations associated with ESCs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in in vitro gametogenesis (IVG) utilizing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
• To discuss the techniques for deriving iPSCs, emphasizing the importance of transgene-free iPSCs for improved IVG efficacy.
• To explore current and potential future clinical applications of iPSC-based IVG.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on in vitro gametogenesis (IVG) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
• Discussion of key concepts from foundational IVG studies using ESCs and their applicability to iPSCs.
• Analysis of recent research on iPSC-derived gametogenesis stages and clinical applications.

Main Results:

• iPSC technology has enabled significant progress in recapitulating gametogenesis in vitro.
• Methods for deriving transgene-free iPSCs with high germline transmission capacity are crucial for effective IVG.
• Current and future clinical applications of iPSC-based IVG are being explored, with potential to revolutionize reproductive medicine.

Conclusions:

• While challenges in efficacy, safety, and technical aspects remain, iPSC-based IVG holds immense promise for reproductive medicine.
• Novel IVG methodologies are continuously emerging, potentially leading to breakthroughs in infertility treatment.
• The development of IVG technology necessitates careful consideration of ethical and social implications to ensure responsible advancement.