Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

1.4K
Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
1.4K
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

249
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
249
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

354
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
354
Introduction to Cognitive Psychology01:20

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

505
Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
505
Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality01:30

Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality

552
Social cognitive perspectives on personality emphasize the importance of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals in shaping behavior. These perspectives incorporate behaviorist principles, such as learning through reinforcement and conditioning, but extend beyond them by highlighting human reasoning and planning. Unlike traditional behaviorist views, social cognitive theory focuses on how individuals reflect on their past experiences and plan for future outcomes by considering...
552
Factors Affecting Perception01:25

Factors Affecting Perception

1.6K
Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

New Onset of Suicidal Ideation in Children With Neurologic, Developmental, and Behavioral Disorders From Longitudinal Universal Suicide Risk Screening.

Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP·2025
Same author

Assessing how well educational supports map on to neurocognitive needs in high-risk pediatric populations: Developing a tool for examining alignment.

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS·2025
Same author

Associations between emotion and behavior codes and ADOS-2 scores in a sample of children referred for autism evaluation.

Autism : the international journal of research and practice·2025
Same author

Unequal neighborhoods, unequal skills: Adaptive functioning and access to community resources.

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS·2025
Same author

Neuropsychological Functioning in Pediatric Patients With Leukemia or Lymphoma Treated With CAR T-Cell Therapy: A Retrospective Chart Review.

Pediatric blood & cancer·2025
Same author

Neighborhood resources are associated with neuropsychological outcomes among pediatric brain tumor survivors.

The Clinical neuropsychologist·2024
Same journal

Reciprocal Pathways Linking Harsh Parenting and Conduct Problems in Early Childhood: The Mediating Role of Emotional Dysregulation.

Research on child and adolescent psychopathology·2026
Same journal

Children's Responses to Peer Conflict Scenarios: Feasibility and Initial Psychometric Properties of an Interactive Virtual Reality Assessment in a Clinical and Non-Clinical Sample.

Research on child and adolescent psychopathology·2026
Same journal

Longitudinal Evidence for Age- and Sex-Invariant Dimensions of Internalizing Symptoms from Childhood through Adolescence: Self-Worth, Social Anxiety, and Withdrawal.

Research on child and adolescent psychopathology·2026
Same journal

Dynamic Associations Between Negative Affect, Rumination, and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Daily Life: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study of Adolescent Psychiatric Outpatients.

Research on child and adolescent psychopathology·2026
Same journal

School Bullying Involvement and Adolescent Depressive Mood: A Daily Diary Study.

Research on child and adolescent psychopathology·2026
Same journal

Low Self-Esteem Predicts Persistent Suicidal Ideation Across Adolescence and Young Adulthood: A 14-year Longitudinal Study.

Research on child and adolescent psychopathology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2025

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

13.7K

If Opportunity Knocks: Understanding Contextual Factors' Influence on Cognitive Systems.

A E Gornik1,2, L A Jacobson1,2, L G Kalb1,3,4

  • 1Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
|October 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Childhood access to opportunity significantly boosts cognitive skills, particularly language development. Greater opportunity is linked to stronger language, visual perception, and attention, with language skills showing the most impact.

Keywords:
AttentionLanguageRDoCStructural opportunityVisual processing

More Related Videos

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
07:36

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

15.8K
Author Spotlight: A Novel Setup to Conduct Naturalistic Laboratory Experiments with Real Human Actors in Scenarios
07:43

Author Spotlight: A Novel Setup to Conduct Naturalistic Laboratory Experiments with Real Human Actors in Scenarios

Published on: August 4, 2023

2.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2025

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

13.7K
Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
07:36

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

15.8K
Author Spotlight: A Novel Setup to Conduct Naturalistic Laboratory Experiments with Real Human Actors in Scenarios
07:43

Author Spotlight: A Novel Setup to Conduct Naturalistic Laboratory Experiments with Real Human Actors in Scenarios

Published on: August 4, 2023

2.0K

Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework emphasizes context's role in cognitive development.
  • Structural opportunity, defined as access to resources, is a key contextual factor influencing child development.
  • Understanding the impact of opportunity on cognitive systems is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how childhood access to structural opportunity affects RDoC cognitive constructs: language, visual perception, and attention.
  • To quantify the unique contribution of opportunity to these cognitive skills.
  • To explore age-related differences in the relationship between opportunity and cognitive development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized clinical data from psychological evaluations of 16,523 youth aged 4-18.
  • Measured structural opportunity using the Child Opportunity Index 2.0 (COI), a neighborhood-based composite score.
  • Employed statistical analyses to assess the association between COI and cognitive skills, controlling for demographic and socioeconomic factors.

Main Results:

  • Greater access to opportunity was significantly associated with stronger language, visual perception, and attention skills.
  • Opportunity explained the largest variance in language skills (8.4%), followed by visual processing (5.8%) and attention (<2%).
  • A moderating effect of age was observed, indicating prolonged exposure to low opportunity negatively impacts language skills.

Conclusions:

  • Childhood structural opportunity is a significant predictor of cognitive development across multiple domains.
  • Language skills appear particularly sensitive to the quality of neighborhood resources and opportunities.
  • Findings support the development of tailored clinical recommendations and policy initiatives to enhance children's access to opportunity.