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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

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Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
536
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

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Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2025

Novel Photoacoustic Microscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography Dual-modality Chorioretinal Imaging in Living Rabbit Eyes
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Lotilaner Ophthalmic Solution 0.25%: First Approval.

Yahiya Y Syed1

  • 1Springer Nature, Mairangi Bay, Private Bag 65901, Auckland, 0754, New Zealand. dru@adis.com.

Drugs
|October 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lotilaner ophthalmic solution 0.25% (XDEMVY™) is now approved in the USA for Demodex blepharitis. This gamma-aminobutyric acid-gated chloride channel inhibitor targets mite-induced eye conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Parasitology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Demodex blepharitis and Demodex-induced meibomianitis are common ocular conditions caused by Demodex mite infestation.
  • Current treatment options for Demodex lid infestation are limited, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic agents.
  • Lotilaner ophthalmic solution 0.25% (XDEMVY™) represents a new class of treatment targeting the underlying cause of these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the development milestones of lotilaner ophthalmic solution 0.25% leading to its US approval.
  • To highlight the mechanism of action of lotilaner as a selective mite GABA-Cl inhibitor.
  • To provide an overview of ongoing clinical development for related ocular conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical and clinical development data for lotilaner ophthalmic solution 0.25%.
  • Analysis of regulatory submission and approval process in the United States.
  • Summary of ongoing Phase 2 and Phase 3 clinical trials.

Main Results:

  • Lotilaner ophthalmic solution 0.25% received its first US approval on July 24, 2023, for Demodex blepharitis.
  • The drug demonstrated efficacy as a selective gamma-aminobutyric acid-gated chloride channel (GABA-Cl) inhibitor for mites.
  • Ongoing trials are evaluating its potential for Demodex-induced meibomianitis and Demodex blepharitis in China.

Conclusions:

  • Lotilaner ophthalmic solution 0.25% marks a significant advancement in treating Demodex blepharitis.
  • The approval signifies a new therapeutic option for patients suffering from Demodex lid infestation.
  • Further development is expected to expand treatment options for related ocular surface diseases.