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DNA identification from dental pulp and cementum.

Yi-Feng Wei1, Chun-Yen Lin2, Yu-Jen Yu1

  • 1Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1 Jen-Ai Road Section 1, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.

Forensic Science International. Genetics
|October 16, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Forensic DNA profiling from teeth can now be achieved with minimal tooth destruction. Scraping cementum yields higher quality DNA than pulp, preserving tooth structure for anthropological study.

Keywords:
CementumDNA identificationForensicPulpTooth

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Molecular Biology
  • Anthropology

Background:

  • Teeth are crucial for human identification post-decomposition.
  • Current DNA isolation methods from teeth are destructive, hindering further analysis.
  • Minimally invasive DNA extraction preserves tooth morphology for anthropological studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate two novel, less destructive DNA isolation methods from teeth.
  • To compare DNA quality and quantity from pulp versus cementum.
  • To assess the impact of tooth root structure and decay on DNA yield.

Main Methods:

  • Two minimally invasive techniques were tested: dental drill/endodontic files for pulp access and sterile blade scraping for cementum.
  • Samples were obtained from 49 buried teeth, 9 control teeth, and 4 forensic samples.
  • DNA profiling was performed using 24 loci, including 22 short tandem repeat (STR) markers.

Main Results:

  • Cementum samples yielded higher DNA quality than pulp samples.
  • Microbial activity degraded nuclear material, reducing pulp DNA yields.
  • Multi-rooted teeth provided superior DNA quantity and quality compared to single-rooted teeth.
  • Cavities negatively impacted pulp DNA quantity but not cementum DNA yield.

Conclusions:

  • DNA isolation from tooth cementum is ideal for preserving tooth morphology for anthropological examination.
  • Pulp DNA extraction, while potentially lower quality, may be suitable for pathogen DNA analysis.
  • Minimally invasive techniques offer viable alternatives for forensic DNA profiling without compromising tooth structure.