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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
181

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2025

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
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Working memory during spontaneous migraine attacks: an fMRI study.

Amparo Ruiz-Tagle1,2, Patrícia Figueiredo3, Joana Pinto4

  • 1Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, ISR-Lisboa/LARSyS and Department of Bioengineering, Lisbon, Portugal. amparuiztagle@gmail.com.

Neurological Sciences : Official Journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology
|October 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Migraine attacks involve altered brain activity in areas for working memory and executive function. Patients show increased activation in the frontal pole and orbitofrontal cortex during cognitive tasks when experiencing a migraine.

Keywords:
CognitionN-backSpontaneous migraine attackTest-retestfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neurology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Cognitive disturbances are frequently reported during migraine attacks, impacting daily functioning.
  • The underlying neural mechanisms responsible for these cognitive deficits during migraine remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the neural correlates of working memory function during acute migraine attacks.
  • To compare brain activity during a working memory task in migraine patients during an attack versus a pain-free period.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used in a within-subject, test-retest design.
  • Eleven women with episodic migraine underwent fMRI while performing an N-back working memory task during both ictal and interictal states.
  • Cognitive performance and brain activation patterns were compared between the two conditions.

Main Results:

  • Working memory task performance was significantly lower during the migraine attack (ictal) compared to the pain-free (interictal) state.
  • While working memory regions were activated in both states, greater activation was observed in the left frontal pole and orbitofrontal cortex during the ictal phase.
  • These findings suggest increased recruitment of specific brain regions during cognitive tasks when experiencing a migraine.

Conclusions:

  • Migraine patients demonstrate heightened activation in the left frontal pole and orbitofrontal cortex during working memory tasks when experiencing an attack.
  • This increased activation in areas associated with pain processing and inhibitory control may represent a compensatory mechanism.
  • The study suggests that patients recruit inhibitory neural networks to manage cognitive demands during migraine attacks, contributing to observed cognitive difficulties.