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Updated: Jul 13, 2025
Evaluating Cell Death Using Cell-Free Supernatant of Probiotics in Three-Dimensional Spheroid Cultures of Colorectal Cancer Cells
Published on: June 13, 2020
Chlorogenic acid induces apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in colorectal cancer cells
Ali Ghorbani Ranjbary1, Ali Bagherzadeh2, Seyed Sina Sabbaghi2
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. ali.ghorbaniranjbary@mail.um.ac.ir.
Background:
Apoptotic agents from natural products like phenolic compounds can be used effectively in the treatment of cancer. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is one of the phenolic compounds in medicinal plants with anti-cancer properties. In this research, we aimed to explore the anti-cancer mode of action of CGA on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in vitro conditions.
Methods:
HT-29 and HEK-293 cells were cultured after MTT assay for 24 h with CGA 100 µM, and without CGA. Then, flow cytometry assays and the expression of apoptosis-related genes including caspase 3 and 9, Bcl-2 and Bax, and cell cycle-related genes including P21, P53 and NF-κB at mRNA and protein levels were examined. Finally, we measured the amount of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Results:
The cell viability of all two-cell lines decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, CGA induces cell cycle arrest in HT-29 cells by increasing the expression of P21 and P53. It also induces apoptosis in HT-29 cells by mitigating Bcl-2 and NF-κB expression and elevating caspase 3 and 9 expression and ROS levels.
Conclusions:
Considering the cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in the colon cancer cell line by CGA, it can be concluded that CGA is a suitable option for the treatment of colon cancer.
