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Sequence self-selection by cyclic phase separation.

Giacomo Bartolucci1,2, Adriana Calaça Serrão3, Philipp Schwintek3

  • 1Division Biological Physics, Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden 01187, Germany.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early Earth conditions favored molecular selection through cyclic temperature changes, driving phase separation and sedimentation of functional DNA sequences. This process enriched complementary DNA, aiding the emergence of self-replicating molecules.

Keywords:
DNAmolecular origin of lifemolecular selectionphase separationprebiotic oligonucleotides

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Area of Science:

  • Origin of Life Studies
  • Molecular Evolution
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The emergence of functional oligonucleotides on early Earth necessitated a molecular selection mechanism.
  • Cyclic environmental processes, like daily temperature oscillations, could induce oligonucleotide phase separation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and investigate a sequence selection mechanism based on phase separation cycles driven by sedimentation.
  • To understand how cyclic processes could facilitate the screening of prebiotic molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of phase separation and sedimentation dynamics.
  • Experimental studies using DNA subjected to cyclic temperature changes and feeding.
  • Analysis of sequence enrichment in the sedimented dense phase.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated sequence-specific enrichment of DNA in the sedimented dense phase, particularly short 22-mer sequences.
  • Identified complementarity and base-pairing as the underlying mechanism for enrichment.
  • Showed that the mechanism can enhance initial sequence bias or lead to the replacement of existing sequences.

Conclusions:

  • Phase separation cycles driven by sedimentation offer a plausible mechanism for selecting functional oligonucleotides on early Earth.
  • This mechanism could have played a role in screening for auto-catalytic, self-replicating oligonucleotides.
  • The findings provide insights into prebiotic molecular evolution and the origins of life.