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Bioactive Self-Regulated Liquified Microcompartments to Bioengineer Bone-Like Microtissues.

Ana R Pinho1, Maria C Gomes1, Dora C S Costa1

  • 1CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|October 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel microcapsules (mCAPs) to create bone-like microtissues. These microtissues promote autonomous osteogenic and osteoclastic differentiation, offering a new tool for studying bone biology.

Keywords:
catechol analogsgelatinmineralizationosteoclastogenesisosteogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Designing biomimetic microenvironments for bone regeneration is complex.
  • Current methods struggle to recapitulate bone's native cellular and matrix complexity.
  • Autonomous differentiation of stromal cells towards osteogenesis is a key challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer bone-like microtissues using novel microcapsules.
  • To investigate the potential of these microtissues for autonomous osteogenic and osteoclastic differentiation.
  • To establish an in vitro model for studying bone-related cellular processes.

Main Methods:

  • Electrohydrodynamic atomization was used to create two types of microcapsules: HOPO-modified gelatin (GH) and HOPO- and dopamine-modified gelatin (GH+GD).
  • HOPO facilitated semipermeable hydrogel shell formation via iron coordination.
  • Dopamine promoted a calcium-ion-rich, bioactive microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • Both GH and GH+GD microcapsules supported autonomous osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, evidenced by collagen type-I upregulation, increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression, and mineralized matrix formation.
  • GH+GD microcapsules demonstrated enhanced osteogenic marker expression and a more organized mineralized matrix starting on day 14.
  • The GH+GD system also induced autonomous osteoclastic differentiation of monocytes through upregulation of the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANK-L) gene.

Conclusions:

  • Catechol-based microcapsules (mCAPs) provide a promising platform for creating multifunctional, autonomous bone-like microtissues.
  • These microtissues serve as valuable in vitro models for investigating bone biology, cell-tissue interactions, angiogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis.
  • The dual capacity for osteogenic and osteoclastic differentiation highlights the potential for studying bone remodeling dynamics.