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Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein
Published on: October 12, 2017
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Oxidized phospholipids in cardiovascular disease.
Sotirios Tsimikas1, Joseph L Witztum2
1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. stsimikas@health.ucsd.edu.
Nature Reviews. Cardiology
|October 17, 2023
Summary
Oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs) drive chronic inflammation and atherosclerosis. Measuring OxPL-apoB in plasma improves cardiovascular risk prediction and aids therapeutic decisions, outperforming traditional markers.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Biochemistry
- Immunology
Background:
- Prolonged exposure to oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs) induces chronic inflammation, a key factor in atherosclerosis.
- OxPLs are found in atherosclerotic lesions and on apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins in plasma.
- Plasma OxPL-apoB levels unexpectedly correlate strongly with lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) levels, not minimally oxidized LDL.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of OxPLs in atherosclerosis and Lp(a) atherogenicity.
- To discuss the utility of OxPL-apoB measurement for prognosis and risk reclassification.
- To explore the impact of OxPL-apoB levels on therapeutic interventions.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of experimental and clinical studies linking OxPL-apoB, Lp(a), and cardiovascular disease.
- Evaluation of OxPL-apoB as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.
- Assessment of changes in OxPL-apoB levels with various lipid-lowering therapies.
Main Results:
- Lp(a) particles carry the majority of OxPLs among apoB-containing lipoproteins.
- Plasma OxPL-apoB levels offer diagnostic insights into atherosclerosis extent and improve prognostication for cardiovascular events.
- OxPL-apoB measurement enhances cardiovascular risk reclassification, especially in intermediate-risk patients.
Conclusions:
- Plasma OxPL-apoB levels predict cardiovascular events with accuracy comparable to or exceeding Lp(a) levels.
- OxPL-apoB reflects both Lp(a) genetics and lipoprotein oxidation, contributing to inflammation.
- OxPL-apoB levels are reduced by Lp(a)-lowering therapies, apheresis, niacin, and bariatric surgery.
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