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Updated: Jul 13, 2025

Using Bioluminescent Imaging to Investigate Synergism Between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Influenza A Virus in Infant Mice
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Association between gut microbiota and influenza: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study.

Fan Xu1,2, Xiuyuan Gan3, Yang Tao3

  • 1Chongqing Key Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, School of Medicine, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400014, China.

BMC Infectious Diseases
|October 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals a two-way causal link between gut bacteria and influenza infection, suggesting specific gut microbes may influence influenza pneumonia risk. Further research can improve prevention and treatment strategies.

Keywords:
GWASInfluenzaPneumoniaTwo-sample mendelian randomization

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Infectious disease epidemiology
  • Genetic epidemiology

Background:

  • Observational studies suggest a link between gut microbiota and influenza.
  • The precise bidirectional causal relationship remains unclear.

Approach:

  • A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study investigated the causal relationship between gut microbiota and influenza outcomes.
  • Utilized large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from MiBioGen (18,340 samples) for microbiota and FinnGen (291,090-342,499 samples) for influenza.
  • Employed Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), MR Egger, and Weighted Median (WM) methods, with sensitivity analyses to ensure robustness.

Key Points:

  • Mendelian randomization analysis identified a significant association between influenza infection and five bacterial taxa.
  • Changes in the abundance of seven gut microbes were causally linked to influenza infection.
  • Seven bacterial taxa were significantly associated with influenza pneumonia, with WM analysis supporting IVW findings.

Conclusions:

  • A potential bidirectional causal relationship exists between specific gut microbiota and influenza infection.
  • Certain gut microbiota may contribute to the development of influenza pneumonia.
  • Further investigation into host-microbe interactions can aid influenza prevention and treatment.