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Laser-direct-drive fusion target design with a high-Z gradient-density pusher shell.

S X Hu1,2,3, L Ceurvorst1, J L Peebles1

  • 1Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299, USA.

Physical Review. E
|October 18, 2023
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Summary

New laser-direct-drive fusion targets using a high-Z gradient-density pusher shell (GDPS) show promise for instability-resistant implosions. These advanced designs can achieve significant neutron yields, even with cross-beam energy transfer effects impacting laser absorption.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Fusion Energy
  • Plasma Physics
  • Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF)

Background:

  • Conventional inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets often face challenges with hydrodynamic instabilities.
  • Cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) can significantly reduce laser absorption and ablation pressure in ICF implosions.
  • Achieving high energy gain in ICF requires robust target designs that mitigate instability growth and energy losses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate novel laser-direct-drive fusion target designs incorporating a high-Z gradient-density pusher shell (GDPS).
  • To evaluate the performance of GDPS targets compared to conventional targets under various simulation conditions, including CBET.
  • To identify the key physical mechanisms enabling robust ignition and energy gain in GDPS implosions.

Main Methods:

  • One-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) radiation-hydrodynamic simulations using the lilac and draco codes, respectively.
  • Modeling of targets with solid deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel, a high-Z GDPS, and a gold (Au)-coated foam layer.
  • Analysis of implosion characteristics such as adiabat, convergence ratios, implosion velocity, and neutron yield.

Main Results:

  • GDPS targets demonstrated instability-resistant implosions with high adiabat (α≥8) and low convergence ratios (CRhs≈22, CRPS≈17).
  • 1D simulations predicted neutron yields exceeding 50 MJ with 1.9–2.5 MJ of laser energy, despite CBET effects.
  • 2D simulations showed GDPS targets achieving 4–10 MJ neutron yields with CBET, while conventional targets failed; yields >20 MJ are expected with mitigated CBET.

Conclusions:

  • GDPS targets offer significant advantages over conventional designs, enabling robust ignition and moderate energy gain.
  • Key factors include maintaining a high adiabat fuel state, reduced hot-spot heat conduction due to the high-Z layer, and potential radiation trapping.
  • These findings suggest GDPS targets are a promising pathway for efficient inertial confinement fusion energy production.