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Cell size homeostasis shows long-term memory across generations, especially in stable environments. This study reveals how environmental changes impact cell growth and division dynamics, reconciling conflicting data.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Quantitative biology
  • Systems biology

Background:

  • Cells exhibit size homeostasis, maintaining stable size through growth and division.
  • Existing models often assume short-term (one-generation) size control mechanisms.
  • Recent studies suggest longer-term correlations in cell size fluctuations across generations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a minimal model explaining persistent correlations in cell size fluctuations.
  • To investigate the role of environmental variability in cell size homeostasis.
  • To reconcile conflicting experimental observations on cell size inheritance patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a minimal mathematical model for cell size control.
  • Analysis of cell size fluctuations across multiple generations.
  • Parameter inference using Escherichia coli size data from microfluidic experiments.

Main Results:

  • The model demonstrates that different environments lead to distinct control parameters and inheritance patterns.
  • Multigenerational memory in cell size is evident in constant environments.
  • Environmental averaging obscures long-term memory effects.
  • The model successfully recapitulates observed cell size statistics in E. coli.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental conditions significantly influence cell homeostasis and growth dynamics.
  • Cell size inheritance patterns are environment-dependent.
  • The proposed model provides a framework for understanding long-term memory in cell size regulation.