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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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RNA Interference01:23

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Deciphering the Functional Long Non-Coding RNAs Derived from MicroRNA Loci.

Weiqian Li1, Yue Huo1, Yue Ren1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, The Key Laboratory of RNA and Hematopoietic Regulation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences / Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, P.R. China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|October 18, 2023
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Summary

Researchers discovered over 800 miRNA-gene-originated long non-coding RNAs (molncRNAs). One molncRNA, molnc-301b, regulates gene expression and protein translation, impacting erythropoiesis.

Keywords:
CRISPR screenSMARCA5miR-301bmiRNA gene-originated lncRNAs (molncRNAs)

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Eukaryotic genomes are pervasively transcribed, producing diverse long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs).
  • Genome-wide studies of microRNA (miRNA)-derived lncRNAs are limited.
  • Understanding lncRNA functions is crucial for deciphering gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a genome-wide study of miRNA-derived lncRNAs (molncRNAs).
  • To characterize the function of molncRNAs in hematopoiesis.
  • To establish a platform for large-scale functional screening of molncRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of over 800 molncRNAs from miRNA loci.
  • Functional characterization of molnc-301b as an RNA decoy.
  • Development of a CRISPR screening platform for molncRNA functional analysis.
  • Single-cell level analysis of molncRNA functions in hematopoietic cells.

Main Results:

  • Over 800 molncRNAs were identified originating from miRNA loci.
  • molnc-301b acts as an RNA decoy, dissociating SMARCA5 from chromatin, inhibiting transcription and translation.
  • molnc-301b attenuates erythropoiesis by downregulating key erythropoietic genes (e.g., GATA1, FOS).
  • A CRISPR screen identified 29 functional molncRNAs in hematopoietic cells.

Conclusions:

  • miRNA-derived lncRNAs represent a significant, previously understudied class of regulatory RNAs.
  • molncRNAs play critical roles in regulating gene expression, protein translation, and cellular processes like hematopoiesis.
  • The developed CRISPR platform enables large-scale functional genomics of molncRNAs.