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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
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Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2025

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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Sex Differences in Obstructive Sleep Apnea after Stroke.

Laavanya Dharmakulaseelan1,2, Sandra E Black1,2, Richard H Swartz1,2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques
|October 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Women with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) after stroke experienced worse outcomes and more severe strokes than men, despite having less severe OSA. Understanding these sex differences is crucial for improving patient care and recovery after stroke.

Keywords:
StrokeTIAsleep

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common post-stroke and linked to adverse outcomes.
  • Sex differences in post-stroke OSA prevalence and impact are not well understood.
  • This study addresses the under-explored area of sex-based disparities in post-stroke OSA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex differences in functional recovery after stroke.
  • To compare stroke and OSA severity between male and female patients.
  • To analyze clinical manifestations of OSA in relation to sex in stroke survivors.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of data from three prior studies.
  • Inclusion criteria: imaging-confirmed stroke and diagnosed OSA (AHI ≥ 5) within one year of stroke.
  • Linear regression models were employed to assess outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Female sex independently predicted greater functional impairment (β = 0.37, p = 0.03) and increased stroke severity (β = 1.009, p = 0.04).
  • Women exhibited more depressive symptoms (β = 3.73, p = 0.04) but lower OSA severity (AHI, β = -5.93, p = 0.03).
  • Sex did not independently predict specific OSA symptoms like sleepiness or snoring.

Conclusions:

  • Post-stroke OSA patients who are female experience poorer functional outcomes and more severe strokes than males.
  • Despite lower OSA severity, women show increased depressive symptoms.
  • Recognizing sex differences in post-stroke OSA is vital for improved diagnosis and clinical outcomes.