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Updated: Jul 13, 2025
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A Facile Protocol to Generate Site-Specifically Acetylated Proteins in Escherichia Coli
Published on: December 9, 2017
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Improving the Efficiency and Orthogonality of Genetic Code Expansion
Xian Fu1,2, Yijian Huang1,3, Yue Shen1,2,4
1BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
Biodesign Research
|October 18, 2023
Summary
Genetic code expansion (GCE) allows noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) in proteins for novel biological functions. This review details advances in enhancing GCE efficiency and cellular compatibility for improved protein synthesis.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Synthetic Biology
Background:
- Genetic code expansion (GCE) enables site-specific incorporation of noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins.
- This technique offers powerful tools for studying and engineering biological functions in vivo.
- Challenges remain in achieving high efficiency and fidelity in cellular biosynthesis of ncAA-containing proteins.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in improving the efficiency and orthogonality of GCE.
- To discuss strategies for enhancing the intracellular compatibility of translation machinery.
- To highlight methods for overcoming limitations in ncAA-protein biosynthesis.
Main Methods:
- Optimization of orthogonal translation components.
- Construction of genomically recoded organisms (GROs).
- Utilization of unnatural base pairs (UBPs) and quadruplet codons.
- Spatial separation of orthogonal translation systems.
Main Results:
- Progress in creating and optimizing orthogonal translation components for better GCE.
- Development of GROs to enhance cellular capacity for ncAA incorporation.
- Exploration of novel genetic encoding strategies like UBPs and quadruplet codons.
- Implementation of spatial separation to improve the fidelity of orthogonal translation.
Conclusions:
- Significant progress has been made in enhancing GCE efficiency and orthogonality.
- Strategies discussed offer promising avenues for robust cellular biosynthesis of ncAA-containing proteins.
- Further research in these areas will expand the applications of GCE in biological sciences.
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