From grape bagasse to graphene-like porous carbon nanosheets for CO₂ capture

Graphene-based materials have increasingly attracted attention in recent years. It is a material is recognized worldwide due to its numerous applications in several sectors. However, graphene production involves several challenges: scalability, high costs, and high-quality production. This study synthesized graphene-like porous carbon nanosheets (GPCNs) through a thermochemical process under a nitrogen atmosphere using grape bagasse as a precursor. Three temperatures (700, 800, and 900 ºC) of the pyrolysis process were studied. Chemical graphitization and activation were used to form high-specific surface area materials: FeCl₃.6H₂O_(aq) and ZnCl_2(s) in a simultaneous activation-graphitization (SAG) method. The materials obtained (GPCN700, GPCN800, and GPCN900) were compared to previously produced chars (C700, C800, and C900). A high specific surface area and total pore volume were obtained for GPCN materials, and GPCN900 presented the highest values: 1062.7 m²g^-1 and 0.635 cm³ g^-1, respectively. The GPCN and char materials were classified as mesoporous and applied as adsorbents for CO_2(g). The GPCN800 presented the best CO_2(g) adsorbent, with a CO_2(g) adsorption capacity of 168.71 mg g^-1.