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Application of Biochip Microfluidic Technology to Detect Serum Allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E sIgE

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Cow's Milk Protein Allergy.

Rohan Malik¹, Sanjeevani Kaul²

¹Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. dr.rohanmalik@gmail.com.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics

|October 18, 2023

Summary

Cow's milk allergy is a common infant condition involving reactions to milk protein. Diagnosis involves elimination diets and challenges, with management focused on allergen avoidance and specialized formulas.

Keywords:

Chronic diarrhea Cow’s milk protein allergy Food protein allergy Food protein-associated allergic proctocolitis (FPAP)Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES)Food protein-induced enteropathy (FPE)

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Published on: July 31, 2021

Area of Science:

Allergy and Immunology
Pediatrics
Gastroenterology

Background:

Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is a prevalent food allergy in infants, affecting 0.5% to 3%.
Reactions can be IgE-mediated, non-IgE-mediated, or mixed, presenting diverse symptoms.
Gastrointestinal issues like enteropathy and reflux are common, particularly in non-IgE CMA.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of cow's milk allergy.
To discuss diagnostic approaches and management strategies.
To highlight current understanding of prevention and emerging treatments.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on cow's milk allergy diagnosis and management.
Discussion of diagnostic tools including oral challenges and immunological tests.
Analysis of therapeutic interventions such as elimination diets and specialized formulas.

Main Results:

The double-blind placebo-controlled oral challenge is the gold standard for diagnosis.
Elimination diets followed by supervised challenges are common diagnostic practices.
Allergen elimination leads to symptom resolution; extensively hydrolyzed or amino acid formulas are recommended substitutes.

Conclusions:

Cow's milk allergy requires careful diagnosis and management, primarily through allergen avoidance.
Tolerance develops over time, necessitating periodic reintroduction attempts.
Oral immunotherapy is an emerging treatment for IgE-mediated CMA, while breastfeeding and timely complementary feeding may aid prevention.