Focused analysis of RNFL decay in glaucomatous eyes using circular statistics on high-resolution OCT data

We generated Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) data of much higher resolution than usual on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness of a given eye. These consist of measurements made at hundreds of angular-points defined on a circular coordinate system. Traditional analysis of OCT RNFL data does not utilize insightful characteristics such as its circularity and granularity for common downstream applications. To address this, we present a new circular statistical framework that defines an Angular Decay function and thereby provides a directionally precise representation of an eye with attention to patterns of focused RNFL loss. By applying to a clinical cohort of Asian Indian eyes, the generated circular data were modeled with a finite mixture of von Mises distributions, which led to an unsupervised identification in different age-groups of recurrent clusters of glaucomatous eyes with distinct directional signatures of RNFL decay. New indices of global and local RNFL loss were computed for comparing the structural differences between these glaucoma clusters across the age-groups and improving classification. Further, we built a catalog of directionally precise statistical distributions of RNFL thickness for the said population of normal eyes as stratified by their age and optic disc size.