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Nightmares and night terrors represent two distinct types of sleep disturbances that differ in timing, characteristics, and the sleeper's recall of the event. Nightmares are vivid, disturbing dreams that usually awaken the sleeper from REM sleep, a stage of sleep where brain activity is high, and dreams are most frequent. Upon awakening, individuals often have detailed recollections of their nightmares, which can include themes of threats to survival, security, or self-esteem.
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Updated: Jul 13, 2025

Optogenetic Manipulation of Neural Circuits During Monitoring Sleep/wakefulness States in Mice

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Published on: June 19, 2019

What keeps me up at night.

Anthony S Fauci¹

¹Anthony S. Fauci is a distinguished university professor in the School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, and in the McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.

Science Translational Medicine

|October 18, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Global health security requires learning from COVID-19 to prepare for future pandemics. Heeding these lessons is crucial for effective response to emergent pathogens.

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Epidemiology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted significant gaps in global preparedness for emergent pathogens.
Understanding the dynamics of viral spread and host response is critical for future pandemic mitigation.

Discussion:

Lessons learned from the COVID-19 response underscore the need for robust surveillance systems.
International cooperation and equitable resource distribution are vital for managing global health crises.

Key Insights:

Proactive investment in research and development for vaccines and therapeutics is essential.
Strengthening healthcare infrastructure and workforce capacity globally is a key takeaway.

Outlook:

Future pandemic preparedness hinges on integrating scientific advancements with public health policies.
Sustained commitment to global health security is paramount to prevent future pandemics.