Identifying Variables Associated with Menopause-Related Shame and Stigma: Results from a National Survey Study

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Health
• Social Sciences
• Psychology

Background:

• Menopause is a natural biological transition affecting half the population.
• Shame and stigma surrounding menopause are understudied but linked to negative health outcomes.
• Identifying factors associated with menopause-related shame and stigma is crucial for intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate factors associated with shame and stigma experienced by perimenopausal and postmenopausal individuals.
• To understand the prevalence of menopause-related shame and stigma in a national sample.

Main Methods:

• A national survey included 214 perimenopausal and postmenopausal individuals.
• Self-report questionnaires assessed demographics, menopause symptoms, shame, and stigma.
• Regression analyses identified predictors of shame and stigma.

Main Results:

• Over a third reported menopause-related shame (37.4%); the majority reported stigma (82.7%).
• Severe psychosocial and urogenital symptoms, higher education, and younger age were associated with increased shame and stigma.
• Most participants discussed symptoms and believed peers experienced similar issues.

Conclusions:

• Shame and stigma are significantly associated with menopause symptoms, influenced by severity and socioeconomic factors.
• Younger, more educated individuals entering perimenopause may experience higher levels of shame and stigma.
• Findings can inform interventions to improve clinical outcomes and reduce negative impacts of menopause-related shame and stigma.