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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...
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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2025

Dynamic Monitoring of Seroconversion using a Multianalyte Immunobead Assay for Covid-19
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Multi-omic profiling reveals early immunological indicators for identifying COVID-19 Progressors.

Katherine A Drake1, Dimitri Talantov2, Gary J Tong1

  • 1Verily Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA, United States of America.

Clinical Immunology (Orlando, Fla.)
|October 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Early immune responses in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection reveal distinct molecular signatures. These findings in progressors versus non-progressors can guide prognostic biomarker development for better COVID-19 management.

Keywords:
COVID19Early infectionMulti-omic analysisSARS-CoV-2Systems immunology

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genomics
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • Existing research on SARS-CoV-2 immune response primarily focuses on acute and post-acute phases.
  • Understanding early immune dynamics is crucial for predicting disease trajectory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify molecular associations with longitudinal disease outcomes in the immediate post-diagnosis phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To compare multi-omic immune cell signatures between individuals progressing to severe disease and those with milder courses.

Main Methods:

  • Multi-omic analyses (transcriptomic, epigenomic, proteomic) were performed on immune cells from approximately 160 participants.
  • Comparison of immune cell composition, cytokine levels, and cell subset-specific signatures between progressors and non-progressors.

Main Results:

  • Progressors exhibited higher levels of multiple cytokines, notably IL-6.
  • Skewed blood monocyte subsets were observed, with a decrease in non-classical and intermediate monocytes in progressors.
  • CD8+ T effector memory cells in progressors showed gene expression indicative of stronger T cell activation.

Conclusions:

  • Early molecular differences in immune responses are associated with COVID-19 disease progression.
  • Identified signatures provide a basis for developing prognostic biomarkers and informing interventional strategies for severe COVID-19.