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The Stability of Physician-Compounded Foam is Influenced by the Angle of Connector
Xuanxuan Shi1, Yiran Liu2, Dongjian Li3
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Background:
Foam sclerotherapy is an effective treatment for varicose veins and venous malformations, with its efficacy influenced by foam stability. The methods for preparing physician-compounded foam (PCF) are the double syringe system (DSS) and Tessari method. Few studies have been performed to compare the PCF stability produced by the 2 methods and their mechanisms. We aim to compare the stability of PCF produced by 2 two methods in the same connector and explore the reasons for the difference.
Methods:
Foam was generated by the 2 methods under different circumstances. In the Tessari method, 2 syringes were connected at right angles (90°) by a 3-way tap. In the DSS method, 2 syringes were connected by the same 3-way tap in a straight line (180°). The stability and uniformity of foam produced by the 2 methods were compared using foam half-time and optical microscopy, respectively. Assuming that the difference in foam stability between the 2 methods was related to the angles of a connector, we compared the foam stability when 2 syringes were connected with a plastic connector bent to different angles.
Results:
The DSS method could produce more uniform foam with longer foam half-time than the Tessari method, which was related to the angle of the connector.
Conclusions:
The stability of PCF is influenced by the angle of the connector.
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