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Modern smartphone usage can negatively impact postural balance while standing on dynamically challenging grounds.

William P Noll1, Vu Phan2, Hyunglae Lee3

  • 1School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.

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Modern smartphone use, like taking selfies, significantly impairs standing balance, increasing fall risks on various surfaces. Balance assistance may be needed to mitigate these risks.

Keywords:
Balance controlMobile phone usagePostural stabilityStanding balanceSway

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Factors Engineering
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Previous research on smartphone use and balance focused on limited tasks like texting/calling.
  • These studies were conducted exclusively on stable, rigid surfaces, not reflecting real-world conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of diverse smartphone tasks (selfies, social media posting) on postural balance.
  • To examine how different ground conditions (rigid, compliant, oscillatory) influence smartphone-induced balance deficits.
  • To analyze the interaction between smartphone tasks and ground types on postural control.

Main Methods:

  • Sixteen healthy adults performed smartphone tasks on four surfaces: rigid, foam, simulated compliant, and simulated oscillatory.
  • Center-of-pressure (CoP) data were collected using force plates to analyze postural sway.
  • Key balance metrics included virtual time-to-contact (VTC), CoP path length (PL), sway area (SA), and switching rate (SR).

Main Results:

  • Smartphone usage significantly decreased VTC and increased CoP PL and SA, indicating poorer balance control.
  • Significant interaction effects were found between smartphone tasks and ground conditions for most balance measures.
  • The impact of smartphone use on balance varied considerably depending on the surface stability.

Conclusions:

  • Modern smartphone activities pose a considerable fall risk due to compromised standing balance.
  • Understanding the interplay between smartphone use and varied ground conditions is crucial for developing fall prevention strategies.
  • This research informs the design of balance-assistive technologies and mobile applications to enhance safety.