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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

300
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
300
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

359
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
359
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

576
The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
576
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

468
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
468
Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport01:23

Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport

566
Drugs need to permeate cell membranes to reach their target sites after administration. Orally administered drugs must transcend intestinal epithelial membrane barriers to infiltrate the systemic circulation. Drugs with a molecular weight of less than 500 Daltons diffuse through gaps between neighboring cells, called paracellular pathways.
However, most drugs use the transcellular route, traversing directly through the cell membranes via two mechanisms: passive and active transport. Passive...
566
Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport01:24

Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport

603
Drugs must traverse multiple biological barriers, such as multi-layered skin, single-layered intestinal epithelium, and the plasma membrane, to reach their target sites within the body. The plasma membrane, a highly structured composite of phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, is the cell's protective boundary, facilitating selective substance exchange.
Phospholipids arrange themselves into a bilayer, with hydrophilic heads oriented outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.
603

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Alternating Magnetic Field-Responsive Hybrid Gelatin Microgels for Controlled Drug Release
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Smart Physical-Based Transdermal Drug Delivery System:Towards Intelligence and Controlled Release.

Haojie Zhang1, Yinping Pan1, Yao Hou1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|October 18, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Smart transdermal drug delivery systems leverage physical principles for enhanced disease therapy. This review highlights intelligent designs for real-time monitoring and precise drug release, advancing personalized medicine and smart medical devices.

Keywords:
controlled releaseintelligent devicesphysical principletransdermal drug delivery

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background:

  • Traditional transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) offer stable, efficient, and safe disease therapy.
  • Limitations exist in real-time control and precise drug release, hindering optimal treatment efficacy and patient compliance.
  • The need for intelligent devices is paramount for advanced therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in smart transdermal drug delivery systems (sTDDS) based on physical principles.
  • To explore application scenarios, drug release characteristics, and intelligent design concepts in physical-based TDDS.
  • To highlight physical enhancement strategies for improved transdermal effects and the development of smart medical devices.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of physical principle-based smart transdermal drug delivery technologies.
  • Analysis of intelligent design concepts for real-time monitoring and precise drug release.
  • Examination of physical enhancement techniques in combination with pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in smart TDDS utilizing physical principles for enhanced drug delivery.
  • Demonstrated potential for real-time monitoring and precise control of drug release.
  • Physical enhancement strategies show promise for improved transdermal absorption and therapeutic outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Smart physical-based TDDS represent a significant advancement in disease therapy and personalized medicine.
  • Future directions include integration into smart medical devices for improved clinical treatment.
  • Emerging applications in vaccine delivery and tumor treatment are highly promising.