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The difference between the calculated and experimentally measured masses is known as the mass defect of the atom. In the case of helium-4, the mass defect indicates a “loss” in mass of 4.0331 amu – 4.0026 amu = 0.0305 amu. The loss in mass accompanying the formation of an atom from protons, neutrons, and electrons is due to the conversion of that mass into energy that is evolved as the atom forms. The nuclear binding energy is the energy produced when the atoms’ nucleons...
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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Geophysics
  • Earth Science

Background:

  • Mantle plume lavas typically exhibit higher ³He/⁴He ratios than the upper mantle.
  • High ³He/⁴He ratios are traditionally attributed to primordial material from the solar nebula incorporated during Earth's accretion.
  • This component was thought to have remained isolated in the mantle, avoiding outgassing events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origin of exceptionally high ³He/⁴He ratios in terrestrial igneous rocks.
  • To test the hypothesis that Earth's core could be a source of primordial helium.
  • To re-evaluate models of volatile element evolution in Earth's deep interior.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of helium isotope ratios (³He/⁴He) in olivine crystals from Baffin Island lavas.
  • Geochemical and geophysical modeling to assess potential helium sources.

Main Results:

  • The highest magmatic ³He/⁴He ratio ever recorded in terrestrial igneous rocks was measured (67.2 ± 1.8 times the atmospheric ratio).
  • The observed ratios in Baffin Island lavas are consistent with a potential contribution from Earth's core.
  • This finding challenges the established understanding of primordial helium's location and survival within the Earth.

Conclusions:

  • The Earth's core may be a viable source for the high ³He/⁴He observed in some mantle plume lavas.
  • The presence of such high ratios challenges the long-standing assumption that primordial volatiles have exclusively survived in the mantle.
  • This discovery necessitates a revision of models concerning the deep Earth's volatile inventory and its evolution.