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Related Experiment Videos

A population-based study of multiple sclerosis in twins.

G C Ebers, D E Bulman, A D Sadovnick

    The New England Journal of Medicine
    |December 25, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study investigated genetic and environmental factors in multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility. Findings indicate a significant genetic component, with higher concordance rates in identical twins compared to fraternal twins.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroimmunology
    • Genetics
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Previous multiple sclerosis (MS) twin studies have been inconclusive in differentiating genetic from environmental influences on disease susceptibility.
    • Prior research often faced challenges with patient ascertainment due to reliance on public appeals for case finding.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To conduct a large-scale, population-based twin study to more accurately assess genetic and environmental contributions to multiple sclerosis.
    • To overcome limitations of previous studies by employing unbiased ascertainment and high patient cooperation.

    Main Methods:

    • Surveyed 5463 patients from 10 multiple sclerosis clinics across Canada.
    • Identified and verified diagnoses in 27 monozygotic (identical) and 43 dizygotic (fraternal) twin pairs.

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  • Calculated concordance rates for multiple sclerosis in twins and compared them with nontwin siblings.

    • Main Results:

    • The concordance rate for multiple sclerosis was 25.9% in monozygotic twins versus 2.3% in dizygotic twins.
    • The concordance rate among 4582 nontwin siblings was 1.9%, closely mirroring the dizygotic twin rate.
    • A significant difference in concordance rates between monozygotic and dizygotic twins was observed.

    Conclusions:

    • The substantially higher concordance rate in monozygotic twins strongly suggests a major genetic component influencing susceptibility to multiple sclerosis.
    • The findings provide robust evidence for a significant genetic predisposition to developing multiple sclerosis.