Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

3.8K
X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
3.8K
Cryo-electron Microscopy01:28

Cryo-electron Microscopy

3.3K
Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...
3.3K
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

23.9K
The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
23.9K
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

2.4K
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
2.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evaluation of commercial susceptibility testing methods for <i>in vitro</i> determining daptomycin susceptibility in vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>.

Microbiology spectrum·2026
Same author

An Imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole Derivative Inhibits the Virulence Factor α-Hemolysin by Blocking the Pullout of Its Stem Domain.

ChemMedChem·2026
Same author

Chemical clues to infection: A pilot study on the differential secondary metabolite production during the life cycle of selected <i>Cordyceps</i> species.

IMA fungus·2025
Same author

Positional Tuning of Photophysics and Catalysis in Methoxy-Substituted Heteroleptic Copper(I) Complexes.

Inorganic chemistry·2025
Same author

Microbial phenazines: biosynthesis, structural diversity, evolution, regulation, and biological significance.

Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR·2025
Same author

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Cu(I) Complexes Containing Catechol Anchor Groups That Operate with Aqueous Electrolytes.

JACS Au·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

X-Ray Crystallography to Study the Oligomeric State Transition of the Thermotoga maritima M42 Aminopeptidase TmPep1050
11:27

X-Ray Crystallography to Study the Oligomeric State Transition of the Thermotoga maritima M42 Aminopeptidase TmPep1050

Published on: May 13, 2020

4.0K

Molecular replacement for small-molecule crystal structure determination from X-ray and electron diffraction data

Tatiana E Gorelik1, Peer Lukat1, Christian Kleeberg2

  • 1Department of Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, Braunschweig, 38124, Germany.

Acta Crystallographica. Section A, Foundations and Advances
|October 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Molecular replacement (MR) successfully determined small-molecule crystal structures from 3D electron diffraction (ED) data. This method is effective even with lower resolution data (2 Å) and partial molecular models.

Keywords:
electron crystallographymolecular replacementsmall molecules

More Related Videos

Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography
11:48

Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography

Published on: April 24, 2018

14.8K
Microcrystal Electron Diffraction of Small Molecules
09:48

Microcrystal Electron Diffraction of Small Molecules

Published on: March 15, 2021

6.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2025

X-Ray Crystallography to Study the Oligomeric State Transition of the Thermotoga maritima M42 Aminopeptidase TmPep1050
11:27

X-Ray Crystallography to Study the Oligomeric State Transition of the Thermotoga maritima M42 Aminopeptidase TmPep1050

Published on: May 13, 2020

4.0K
Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography
11:48

Microfluidic Chips for In Situ Crystal X-ray Diffraction and In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering for Serial Crystallography

Published on: April 24, 2018

14.8K
Microcrystal Electron Diffraction of Small Molecules
09:48

Microcrystal Electron Diffraction of Small Molecules

Published on: March 15, 2021

6.7K

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Structural Biology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • 3D electron diffraction (ED) data for small molecules often have poor resolution due to radiation damage or poor crystallinity.
  • Direct methods, standard for crystal structure determination, are ineffective below 1.2 Å resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the performance of molecular replacement (MR) for small-molecule crystal structure determination using 3D ED data.
  • To assess MR's applicability with varying data resolutions and search model completeness.

Main Methods:

  • Determined crystal structures of α-Bi-3812 (X-ray) and β-Bi-3812 (3D ED).
  • Performed MR using 3D ED data at resolutions of 1, 1.5, and 2 Å.
  • Utilized search models of connected and disconnected fragments of BI-3812.

Main Results:

  • MR was successful with 3D ED data at 2 Å resolution.
  • A search model representing 74% of the BI-3812 molecule enabled successful MR.
  • Demonstrated the utility of MR for small-molecule structures derived from lower-resolution 3D ED data.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular replacement is a viable alternative to direct methods for small-molecule structure determination from 3D ED data, especially at resolutions below 1.2 Å.
  • MR performance is dependent on data resolution and the completeness of the search model.