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Published on: April 23, 2018
SGLT-2 Inhibitors: The Next-generation Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Nikola Lukic1, Mirjana T Macvanin1, Zoran Gluvic2
1Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors offer a promising new therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These drugs lower blood glucose by increasing urinary glucose excretion, helping manage T2DM and its complications.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Nephrology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health concern with serious systemic complications.
- Rising T2DM prevalence strains healthcare systems, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.
- Current preventive measures are crucial, but advanced treatments are emerging.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanisms and efficacy of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors for T2DM.
- To understand the role of SGLT-2 inhibition in acute glucose regulation and cardiovascular complication control.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on SGLT-2 inhibitors and their physiological effects.
- Analysis of SGLT-2's role in renal glucose reabsorption.
- Examination of phlorizin derivatives like canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and ertugliflozin.
Main Results:
- SGLT-2, predominantly in the kidney, reabsorbs over 90% of filtered glucose.
- Inhibition of SGLT-2 reduces glucose reabsorption, leading to increased urinary glucose excretion.
- This mechanism effectively lowers blood glucose levels in T2DM patients.
Conclusions:
- SGLT-2 inhibitors represent a significant advancement in T2DM management.
- Their action on glucose regulation aids in alleviating T2DM symptoms and preventing chronic complications.
- These inhibitors are vital for controlling T2DM-associated cardiovascular risks.
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