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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2025

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
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Hyperthyroidism incidence in a large population-based study in northeastern Italy.

Simona Censi1, Laura Salmaso2, Filippo Ceccato1

  • 1Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy.

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|October 19, 2023
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Summary

Hyperthyroidism incidence in Italy's Veneto Region declined significantly from 2013-2022, demonstrating the success of iodine prophylaxis. The COVID-19 pandemic did not alter this downward trend in thyroid disease.

Keywords:
hyperthyroidismincidenceiodine

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Iodine status in the Veneto Region has improved over the past decade due to a sustained iodine prophylaxis program.
  • The impact of improved iodine status on hyperthyroidism epidemiology in this region was previously undocumented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the incidence of hyperthyroidism in the Veneto Region, Italy, between 2013 and 2022.
  • To analyze trends in hyperthyroidism incidence in relation to iodine status and public health campaigns.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective, population-based study utilizing regional health databases.
  • Hyperthyroidism incidence was determined using healthcare co-payment exemptions and hospital diagnoses from 2013 to 2022.
  • Standardized incidence rates were calculated and analyzed by age, sex, and etiology.

Main Results:

  • A total of 26,602 incident hyperthyroidism cases were identified, with an overall incidence rate of 54.38 per 100,000 person-years, notably higher in females.
  • Incidence rates decreased from 69.87 in 2013 to 42.83 in 2022.
  • A temporary decrease was observed in 2020, coinciding with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, but the overall declining trend persisted for toxic multinodular goiter, toxic uninodular goiter, and Graves' disease.

Conclusions:

  • The study documents a significant decline in hyperthyroidism incidence in the Veneto Region.
  • This decline is strongly associated with the region's improved iodine status resulting from long-term iodine prophylaxis.
  • Public health interventions, including iodine prophylaxis, are effective in reducing hyperthyroidism incidence, with no observed negative impact from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic or vaccination campaigns.