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Cancers Attributable to Infections in the US in 2017: A Meta-Analysis.

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Infections caused 4.3% of US adult cancers in 2017, totaling over 71,000 cases. Human papillomavirus was the leading cause, highlighting infections as a key target for cancer prevention strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Infections are significant, yet often overlooked, modifiable causes of cancer.
  • A substantial potential exists for preventing and treating carcinogenic infections in the United States.

Approach:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted from 1946 to January 2023 to identify studies on 31 infection-cancer pairs.
  • Meta-analysis of 128 studies was performed to determine the association between infections and cancer, alongside national survey data for infection prevalence.
  • The study focused on cancer incidence data from 2017 in the US to estimate infection-attributable cancer cases in adults and children.

Key Points:

  • In 2017, an estimated 71,485 cancers (4.3%) in US adults were attributable to infections.
  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) was linked to the highest number of infection-attributable cancers (38,230), followed by Helicobacter pylori (10,624) and hepatitis C virus (9,006).
  • Key infection-related cancers included cervical, gastric, oropharyngeal, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Conclusions:

  • Infections account for a significant proportion of cancer incidence in the US, representing a critical area for public health intervention.
  • Targeting infections like HPV, H. pylori, and hepatitis viruses offers a promising avenue for reducing the overall cancer burden.