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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

When does intent matter for memory? Bridging perspectives with Craik.

Hannah Dames¹, Vencislav Popov¹

¹Department of Psychology, University of Zurich.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. General

|October 19, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The intention to remember generally enhances memory performance across various tasks and materials in healthy young adults. This effect is robust, observed in most individuals, and strengthens memory by improving item-context bindings.

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Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

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Published on: April 28, 2016

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Published on: November 14, 2018

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience of Memory

Background:

The role of intention in memory encoding is debated, with some suggesting deep semantic processing alone may suffice.
Craik (2023) argued that intentional remembering benefits are exceptional, not the norm.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the generalizability and robustness of the intention to remember effect across diverse memory tasks and materials.
To address concerns that incidental encoding might induce optimal processing, negating the benefits of intent.
To provide novel data and propose future research directions on how intention enhances memory.

Main Methods:

Conducted six experiments with 336 healthy young adults using various memory tasks (free recall, cued recall, source memory, recognition).
Studied effects across different list compositions (mixed, pure) and study materials (words, word pairs, word-image associations).
Reviewed existing evidence on intention's impact on item-context bindings and considered the role of intrusions in memory tests.

Main Results:

The intention to remember consistently benefited memory performance across all tested tasks and materials.
A significant beneficial effect of intent was observed in 86% of participants.
Evidence suggests intention strengthens item-context bindings, though this can be masked without considering intrusions.

Conclusions:

The beneficial effects of intention on memory are widespread and generalize across tasks, materials, and list structures.
While incidental encoding can be effective, the processes induced by the intention to remember are generally more potent.
Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms by which intention enhances memory, with a joint statement synthesizing current understanding.