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Mosquito surveillance on U.S military installations as part of a Japanese encephalitis virus detection program: 2016

Mark F Olson1, Caroline Brooks1, Akira Kakazu1

  • 1United States Air Force, Pacific Air Forces, Theater Preventive Medicine Flight, Armed Forces Pacific, United States of America.

Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases
|October 19, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was not detected in any mosquitoes sampled on Okinawa between 2016-2021. This surveillance suggests JEV is absent from local mosquito populations, though further research is recommended.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Entomology
  • Infectious Disease Ecology
  • Arbovirology

Background:

  • Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) poses a significant public health risk, affecting approximately 3 billion people across Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific.
  • Surveillance for JEV is crucial for understanding its transmission dynamics and implementing effective control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the presence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in mosquito populations on Okinawa, Japan.
  • To identify dominant mosquito species and analyze their distribution in relation to environmental factors.

Main Methods:

  • Mosquito surveillance was conducted at four military installations on Okinawa from 2016 to 2021.
  • A total of 10,426 mosquitoes from 20 species were collected and tested for JEV.
  • Mosquito population data were analyzed for spatial distribution and correlation with land use changes.

Main Results:

  • No JEV was detected in any of the collected mosquito samples.
  • The most prevalent mosquito species identified were Aedes albopictus (36.4%), Culex sitiens (24.3%), and Armigeres subalbatus (19%).
  • Significant variations in mosquito species populations were observed across different locations, potentially linked to land use changes.

Conclusions:

  • Current mosquito surveillance data indicate the absence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in mosquito populations on Okinawa.
  • Further investigation into potential reservoirs, such as domestic pigs and ardeid birds, is recommended to confirm the JEV status in the region.

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